Reproduction in plants

5 min read6 days ago

Reproduction:

Nothing lives forever. And yet, Life continues because all living things are able to produce copies of themselves. If living things did not reproduce themselves, then soon there would be none left. As each plant or animal grew older and finally died, it would not be replaced. Eventually, All the different kinds of plants and animals would die out. They would become extinct. To ensure survival and prevent extinction, All organisms reproduce.

Basic methods of reproduction

Asexual reproduction

Produce new individual without fusion of gametes.
Offsprings are genetically identical to the parent plants and each other.

Sexual reproduction

Produces offspring fusion of gametes.
All springs are genetically different from the parent plant (or plants )and each other.

The process of production of spring is called reproduction they are two main types of reproduction in plants.

Sexual reproduction :

In sexual reproduction, an organism is formed by the combination of genetic information from each of its parents. In this type of reproduction a unique organism, similar to parents, is produced. Plants generally produce flour for sexual reproduction. Flowers contain the reproductive organs, which produce gametes.

Asexual reproduction :

In asexual reproduction, only one organism is involved.

The offspring are the exact copies of one parent because they get all the genetic information from one parent organism.

The parts of a flower :-

Many flowers, no matter their size, color, or shape, contain both male and female reproductive organism. There are four parts of a flower. These are:

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Carpal

They are arranged in rings, one inside the other, from sepals are the outermost ring, two carpal as the innermost ring.

The leaf likes sepals protect the flower while it is still a bud. They are usually green.
The petals are often brightly colored and scented. There may be a nectary at the base of each petal which produces nectar.
Eat stamen consist of another, which contain pollen grains, and a stalk called the filament. Bowling Green contains the male sex cells.
Eat carpal contains one or more ovaries in which the tiny ovules are found. Each of you can grow into a seed. Above the ovary is a narrow stalk called the style which ends in a stigma. The stigma is often sticky, so that pollen grains can stick to it.

Parts of flower

Pollen tube
Stamen
Petal
Ovule
Sepal
Receptacle
Another filament
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Pedicel

Stages of sexual reproduction in plants

Pollination
Fertilisation
Fruit formation

Pollination :-

Five sexual reproduction to take place, The male gametes must be transferred to the female part of the flower, this transfer is known as pollination.

It has two types:

Self pollination :

The transfer of Poland from stammen to the stigma of the same flower or to another flower on the sample plant.
Produces young plants which are almost identical to the parent plant.

Cross pollination :

The transfer of Poland between the stammers of one flower to the stigma of a flower on different plant of the same species.
Produces a wider variety of young plants which variable characteristics .

For both types of pollinations some agent is required to transfer the pollen grains from another to the stigma. The pollen of plants is mainly carried by insects, such as bees and butterflies, or by the wind. A few flowers are pollinated by water ,birds, bats or other animals.

Insect pollinated flowers

Insect pollinated flowers are usually brightly colored and produce either nectar or a sweet smell. As insects go from flower to flower, they spread the Pollen.

Wind pollinated flowers

Flowers, such as those of crosses and many large trees do not have brightly colored petals or nectar. These flowers are pollinated by wind. The pollen of wind pollinated flowers is very light and it blows easily.

Pollination by birds

Flowers polluted by birds are often tube shaped and usually bright red, orange or yellow. These flowers have very little scent, birthday produce large amount of nectar. The pollen grain produced by birds pollinated flowers are large and sticky so that they can easily stick to the feathers of the birds.

Fertilisation:

Fertilisation occurs after pollination.

During fertilization each Poland grain stuck to the stigma produces a tiny tube which grow down the style, into the ovary and towards the ovules.

Then fun of the tube reach and ovule it burst open. A male nucleus from the pollen grain than moves down the pollen tube to join with the nucleus of the female reproductive cell the ovule.
The nuclei of the pollen grains and diffuse are joined together as I got is formed inside the ovule.

Fruit formation :

As a result of fertilisation, does I got divides repeatedly until it forms an embryo. Meanwhile, The rest of the ovule grows to form a seed. The seed contains the embryo and food called endosperm, for the new young plant. The ripen ovary slowly becomes the fruit.